Examine Sociological Theories Essay Example for Free

Examine Sociological Theories Essay Examine sociological theories that explain the ethnic dimension to crime and deviance (21 marks) Recent statistics show that black people are five times more likely to be in prison than whites. Ethnic groups are heavily over represented in prisons. Waddington et al investigated whether ethnic groups were targeted by the police and whether they were treated unfairly. Waddington et al concluded that these ethnic minorities were stopped and searched more because they were out on the street at the time. His research could be criticised because he only interviewed the police, he didn’t interview the groups that were treated by the police. This would result in the police possibly lieing and saying that they treat the black people just as equally as they treat white people. Phillips and Bowling would disagree with Waddington et al as they believe that the over policing of ethnic neighbourhoods creates resentment. After the death of Stephen Lawrence the McPherson report stated that poor black areas were over policed but under protected. This would again back up Phillips and Bowling and their theory of over policing in poor black areas. This angers the people in these poor areas because of the fact that the police are only targeting them for certain crimes such as drugs. The report states that they will randomly pick on a working class black male rather than someone else for a stop and search as they believe these people are more likely to be holding drugs. This leaves the rest of the people under protected because the police aren’t concentrating on other crimes such as robbery or assault. Skolnick believes that most police stereotype the young black male as being a typical offender. He says that these stereotypical beliefs come from the ‘canteen culture’ and it is this belief that backs up Phillips and Bowling, as they would say that this belief would lead to the over policing in the poor black areas. Drabble investigated whether black people were treated unfairly in the courts. He found that blacks were more likely to be charged with more serious forms of offence than whites, whites were more likely to be cautioned whereas blacks were more likely to be prosecuted. This is evidence of institutional racism mentioned in the McPherson report. Hood found that black people were more like to receive custodial sentences even though other punishments such as fines and community service were available alternatives. Fitzgerald researched ethnic minority street crime in London. He interviewed young ethnic minority offenders and their mothers and found that the higher the levels of deprivation in an area, the higher the levels of crime. It is a statistic that Afro Caribbean households are more likely to be headed by lone parent families, which then results in higher crime in the family. This links in with Charles Murray who said that lone parent families would result in higher chances of failure at score and therefore higher chances of them turning to crime. It also links in with left realism and Jock Young and John Lea’s theory of relative deprivation. They say that people commit crime when they feel deprived, the media stresses the importance of economic goods and some will turn to crime to get these goods. They also say marginalisation is a reason for the increase in crime because of young black men are made to feel on the edge of society with nobody to stand up for them, this causes frustration and resentment which leads to crime being committed. These reasons then cause an increase in subcultures or gangs and therefore an increase in crime. All of these researchers could be criticised as they reinforce stereotypes of the young black male as well as not looking at white, middle class crime. This would then link in with Marxism and the fact that the upper class are being treated more fairly with crime they commit than the lower class.

Ecstasy :: essays research papers

Today in the year 2000 there are many definitons of the word ecstasy. Deriving from the middle english word, exstasie, it has gone from being a state of overwhelming emotion to one of the most popular drugs in the "club world"today. When I ask my parents what they think when they hear the word ecstasy they say,"You, your sister, and brother in Disney World." Well times have definetely changed. I asked about fifteen people in my dorm what they think when they hear the word and all of them said the same thing; drugs. Ecstasy is a feeling you get when you are totally happy. Everybody has their own definition of what the word means to them. What it means to me being an eighteen year old girl in New York is completely different to what it means for someone being forty-five and living in Alaska. What ecstasy is for me changes all the time. Right now it would be not having to do any work, not having to go to the gym or diet, not fighting with my boyfriend or friends, not having stress from my parents, etc. I asked my sister what her ideal ecstasy is and she said, "Having a date for homecoming and a perfect dress." I then decided to ask my parents and they're answer was, "Perfect health and total happiness for our children." If I ask myself this question in a year my response will be totally different. You can tell how differently people use the word just by listening to the radio. When I hear Eminem use the word in his song, "This ecstasy got me standing next to you" he is referring to the drug. When Tony Braxton used the word in her song, "And I'm in ecstasy" she is referring to the feeling. When my friends are talking about ecstasy they are talking about the drug. I don't even have to question what they are talking about because I know already. Ecstasy to them is the drug and only the drug. This is not because they do ecstasy or other drugs it's because that's all they think of when they hear the word. When it comes to my parents it can be either. Sometimes they'll want to ask me questions about the drug or warn me and other times they are talking about the feeling. Ecstasy the drug has many names.

Nursing and midwifery council Essay

Malnutrition can be defined as a serious condition that occurs when a person does not include the right amount of nutrients in their diet such as water, protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals in their diet (NICE, 2012). This can lead to serious adverse circumstances where one can become malnourished. Kirch (2008) also stresses that malnutrition can also arise as a result of disease. The rational for the chosen topic ‘malnutrition in elderly patients, was based on being one of the largest contributors to elderly mortality in health care. In support Sinclain (2011) states that up to 15% of elderly in the community, 62% of hospitalised patients and 85% of nursing home residents suffer from malnutrition which is a strong independent predictor of mortality in elderly. Evidence based practice in nursing is finding solid research and applying them in nursing practices, in order to promote quality of care given to patient’s. Furthermore Baker (2013) states that it i s a process which involves the use of evaluation, research process, problem solving, assessment of care, decision making and requires the patients involvement. Evidence based practice is important in clinical settings having the potential to improve the of care patient, implemented to improve recovery. The nursing and midwifery council (NMC 2008) recommended that all nurses must have the ability to critique and use evidence based practice. Developing a framework for critiquing health research (Caldwell et al, 2005) will be used as an appraisal method to critique the 3 empirical research articles. This was chosen by the writer because the authors made it clear, straightforward, easy and precise to use in critiquing academic research papers, both qualitative and quantitative using tables, numbers, keywords subheadings, guidelines and relevant websites. It was also discussed that this assists the ‘novice’ nursing student and health-related research with learning about the two approaches to research by giving consideration to aspects of the research process that are common to both methodologies approach and different stages of crit iquing them. Boud et al (1985) articulate reflection as a act in which an individual examines their experiences, beliefs, values behaviour and knowledge that leads to a new understanding and appreciation of a situation which prompted the reflective process. Yun, (2008) emphasise reflection is an active and intentional process that uses thinking in order to learn from experience. We reflect in order to learn from current or future experiences  aiding us in improving academic skills in theory and in practical, the ethics of reflection contain information such as asking questions or reflecting on what actually happened, looking at the skills that were used to deal with the situation, examine the negative and positives looking into what feelings arose from the experiences, what could have be done and what can be done better in the future. As nurses we need to reflect on our own practice to enhance the care given to patients. Rolfe et al model (2001) Cycle has been chosen to support writer reflection and this was chosen because it is a simple model which raises the following questions what, so what and now what in order to reflect effectively and improve the quality of care given to patients stimulating both personal and professional growth. In nursing practice we need to plan and leave time in order to reflect on the care delivered to patients. Following this we need to reveal the service given has confidentiality, privacy and dignity and this is being maintained, check if the patient treated is being fairly and with respect, if the nurses communicate with the patients in ways they understand. All these collective questions need to be in place when caring for patients in order to support reflection and deliver a good standard of care. Elder, Evans and Nizette (2012) states reflection allows nurses to examine both thei r practice and the accompanying cognitions and effective meanings in relation to values, biases and knowledge and in relation to the context in which the situation occurred.

Their Society Are All The Same - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 718 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Giver Essay Did you like this example? This Book is made aware that not only are choices limited, but also that the people have not experienced true feelings, enjoyed individual differences and cannot even see color!. Jonas seems to be just any ordinary young boy, Jonas who lives in a futuristic society which has tried to relieve its citizens of choices to ensure sameness, fairness, and equality. This shows the darker side of living in a perfect world, and shows how little choices you have, restricting life, and making it bland. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Their Society Are All The Same" essay for you Create order Living in the perfect world of The Giver would become monotonous. Lacking choices, one would not be able to utilize their creativity and would become dependent on the community to provide. In the current world, people must work to get the necessities, and many people today find their ideal position and earn the necessities while still enjoying themselves. Their society are all the same. Jonas is chosen for a very rare occupation called Receiver, who is unfortunate enough to learn and bare all of the difficult truths of his society and itrs a completely controlled environment. When Jonas is chosen to take the role, he starts to learn how life that good cannot exist without evil, and evil cannot exist without good, thus making reaching a perfect society impossible. It does not matter how amazing an experience is, unless you have something bad to compare it with you can never taste the true meaning of that moment. The members of Jonasrs community cannot appreciate the joys in their lives because they have never felt sadness, They also do not feel grief because they have never appreciated the true wonders of life. The setting of the controlled community in The Giver explains the conflict between the desire to solve societyrs problems and the need for individual freedoms. In the beginning the rules, such as being assigned a specific job for life or using correct language, makes sense and seems for the good of the community. The Giver is heavily burdened with all of the memories of the past world from physically and emotionally going through the motions of his regulation and boundary heavy, futuristic society. Belonging to a family unit with a little sister, a mother in law enforcement, and a father who is a nurturer for new born, he has come to the point in his life where the council must choose a lifelong occupation for him and his peers based on their interests and talents. Jonas and the Giver both know that their society needs to change. They have no real choices, so they dont experience true feelings, such as love. They come up with a plan to help the community and to free Jonas. Jonas will escape and as he leaves, his memories will be set free into society. The Giver will then help the community work through those feelings and show them the value of things that they have taken away, such as marriage and extended families. if you do not remember your errors, you may repeat them so it designates a Receiver to remember history for the community. But as Jonas undergoes his training, he learns that just as there is no pain without memory, there is also no true happiness no feelings. Being happy are needed to help us as human beings develop. We need to make choices on our own to learn from your mistake. Feelings are the one of the most important things in our life. Respect for human life, shows us that we need to value other opinions. As for my own conclusion for this book, The Giver Society is not a perfect place but in fact an unpleasant place. The citizens in the society have no choice, they have their feelings ripped away without them even knowing and their respect for human life is gone. This book says a lot about my personality and rebellious tendencies executed in the most polite of ways in fear of seriously offending those around me. and it always shows up to them in the most convenient times throughout my life, when there is doubt about who I am as well as the decisions I need to make or have already made. Deciding that all must learn to see color, to feel pain and to show and receive love.